Using Feature Models for Distributed Deployment in Extended Smart Home Architecture

Nowadays, smart home is extended beyond the house itself to encompass connected platforms on the Cloud as well as mobile personal devices. This Smart Home Extended Architecture (SHEA) helps customers to remain in touch with their home everywhere and any time. The endless increase of connected devices in the home and outside within the SHEA multiplies the deployment possibilities for any application. Therefore, SHEA should be taken from now as the actual target platform for smart home application deployment. Every home is different and applications offer different services according to customer preferences. To manage this variability, we extend the feature modeling from software product line domain with deployment constraints and we present an example of a model that could address this deployment challenge

A Methodology and Supporting Tools for the Development of Component-Based Embedded Systems.

International audienceThe paper presents a methodology and supporting tools for developing component-based embedded systems running on resource- limited hardware platforms. The methodology combines two complementary component frameworks in an integrated tool chain: BIP and Think. BIP is a framework for model-based development including a language for the description of heterogeneous systems, as well as associated simulation and verification tools. Think is a software component framework for the generation of small-footprint embedded systems. The tool chain allows generation, from system models described in BIP, of a set of func tionally equivalent Think components. From these and libraries including OS services for a given hardware platform, a minimal system can be generated. We illustrate the results by modeling and implementing a software MPEG encoder on an iPod

Energy-driven Consolidation in Digital Home

International audienceAs our society becomes more and more digital, the corresponding demand for electric energy is increasing. Despite the power efficient design of devices, this rising trend of energy consumption does not weaken because of more and more devices used in our daily life. Collaboration strategies between devices can reduce their overall electrical consumption. Consolidation - i.e., migrating tasks among devices to place into low power state or to switch off a maximum of unused devices - is a mean of optimizing the consumption of a group of devices. So far, consolidation is mainly used in datacenters. Here, we propose a model to extend this approach to Digital Home. This model takes into account properties, such as the unforeseeable appearance of devices or restrictions due to task nature. Its implementation in a Digital Home environment saves around 25% of the energy consumption in a scenario based on the daily life of a family of four persons

Software Evolution Multi-View : From the Smart Home to the Cloud

National audienceThe alliance between the Smart Home embedded devices e.g., gateways, tablets, media server, home automation boxes, and the Cloud for the Smart Home Service hosting becomes a proven reality. Taking into account Cloud to overcome the embedded resources limitation e.g. for reducing the bill of material for a new customer, or to offer service flexibility and scalability is a very appealing goal. In order to take benefit of these opportunities, selecting an optimal deployment of Service applications in this distributed platform is required. We introduce a new approach based on feature modelling which has been originally introduced for SPL for expressing the deployment constraints in spite of the Smart Home wide variability. As a first step we show how to get an optimized first deployment of any given set of Home Services. In a second step we will address the deployment adaptation at runtime in response to environment or software evolution

A Methodology and Supporting Tools for the Development of Component-Based Embedded Systems.

International audienceThe paper presents a methodology and supporting tools for developing component-based embedded systems running on resource- limited hardware platforms. The methodology combines two complementary component frameworks in an integrated tool chain: BIP and Think. BIP is a framework for model-based development including a language for the description of heterogeneous systems, as well as associated simulation and verification tools. Think is a software component framework for the generation of small-footprint embedded systems. The tool chain allows generation, from system models described in BIP, of a set of func tionally equivalent Think components. From these and libraries including OS services for a given hardware platform, a minimal system can be generated. We illustrate the results by modeling and implementing a software MPEG encoder on an iPod

Using BIP for modeling and verification of networked systems - A case study on TinyOS-based networks

We apply a model construction methodology to TinyOS-based networks, using the Behavior-Interaction-Priority (BIP) component framework. The methodology consists in building the model of a node as the composition of a model extracted from a nesC program describing the application, and models of TinyOS components. Models for networks are obtained by composition of models for nodes by using BIP connectors implementing different types of radio channels. This opens the way for enhanced analysis and early error detection by using verification techniques. © 2007 IEEE

Taxys = Esterel + Kronos: A tool for verifying real-time properties of embedded systems

The goal of TAXYS is to provide a framework for developing real-time embedded code and verifying its correct behavior with respect to quantitative timing requirements. To achieve so, TAXYS connects France Telecom's ESTEREL compiler SAXO-RT with VERIMAG's model-checker KRONOS. TAXYS has been successfully applied on real industrial telecommunication systems, such as a GSM radio link from Alcatel and a phone prototype from France Telecom

Expression de la synchronisation dans les systèmes informatiques et conception d'architectures tolérant les pannes

Cette étude de l'expression de la synchronisation dans les systèmes d'exploitation comprend une classification des outils de synchronisation et propose une description formelle de la synchronisation. Quelques éléments méthodologiques dans la conception de systèmes tolérant les pannes sont donnés

Les anciennes cressonnières de l'Essonne (Effets de la recolonisation des zones humides artificielles sur la dynamique de l'azote)

La rivière Essonne est influencée quantitativement et qualitativement par la nappe de Beauce. L'eau de cette nappe possède des concentrations en nitrates élevées et qui continuent d'augmenter, représentant ainsi une menace croissante pour la qualité du cours d'eau. Des cressonnières (zones humides artificielles où le cresson de fontaine [Nasturtium officinale R. Br.] est cultivé) étaient autrefois très nombreuses entre ces deux masses d'eau, mais sont aujourd'hui massivement abandonnées. Or, ces zones humides jouent potentiellement un rôle épurateur vis-à-vis des nitrates, et pourraient contribuer au bon état du cours d'eau en limitant les transferts de ces nutriments (zones tampons) de la nappe vers la rivière. Ce travail a donc pour objectif d'étudier l'élimination des nitrates dans les cressonnières, mais également l'évolution de ces zones humides après l'abandon de la culture du cresson, et ses conséquences sur l'épuration. Pour cela, nous nous sommes basés sur l'étude d'un site expérimental (Maisse, 91, France) comprenant plusieurs stades d'abandon et sur des expérimentations en laboratoire (bioréacteurs). Les successions de macrophytes après l'abandon de la culture ont été étudiées sur le site expérimental et dans 14 autres sites de la vallée de l'Essonne. Après l'abandon de la culture, le cresson ne se maintient pas dans les fosses. On observe alors une évolution progressive vers un milieu terrestre, avec la colonisation successive par des hydrophytes pionnières ou invasives (Lemna minuta Kunth.), puis par des hélophytes pionnières (Epilobium hirsutum L., Typha latifolia L., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud.). Enfin, il s'établit une roselière avec l'apparition d'espèces arbustives et ligneuses (Salix sp), qui s'accompagne d'un comblement des fosses et qui semble constituer une transition vers une forêt alluviale. Au cours du passage de l'eau dans les fosses du site expérimental, une partie des nitrates a été éliminée. Les fosses cultivées ont été les plus efficaces avec un taux moyen de 1770 mg NO3-/m /jour au cours des trois années de suivi. En comparaison, les fosses abandonnées ont montré des taux d'élimination largement inférieurs allant de 550 à 750 mg NO3-/m /jour. Toutefois, ces taux n'ont permis qu'une faible diminution des concentrations (approximativement 44 mg/L en entrée à 42 mg/L en sortie) à cause de temps de séjour trop courts de l'eau dans les fosses. Les taux d'élimination des nitrates ont varié de façon saisonnière, avec un maximum en été et un minimum en hiver. L'ampleur des variations saisonnières a cependant été beaucoup plus forte dans les fosses cultivées que dans les fosses abandonnées. L'estimation des prélèvements par les macrophytes a montré que la dénitrification est la voie majoritaire de l'élimination des nitrates (70 à 85% de l'élimination totale). Des mesures de dénitrification potentielle en bioréacteurs ont montré que ce processus était limité par la disponibilité du carbone organique. Or, le cresson des fosses cultivées représente une source de carbone très disponible, par rapport aux hélophytes (Phragmites australis) qui dominent les cressonnières abandonnées. L'effet des cressonnières sur les concentrations en nitrates de la rivière Essonne est actuellement limité, mais peut être amélioré par la gestion des sources de carbone et des temps de séjour de l'eau dans ces zones humides.River Essonne is quantitatively and qualitatively influenced by groundwater. Nitrate concentrations of this groundwater are high and are still increasing, threatening the quality of the watercourse. In the past, watercress farms (artificial wetlands where watercress [Nasturtium officinale R. Br.] is cultivated) were numerous between this groundwater and the river, but they are nowadays massively abandoned. These wetlands potentially play the role of buffer zones, and could contribute to maintain the quality of surface water with respect to nitrate. This study aims to assess nitrate mitigation in watercress farms, but also the changes occurring in these wetlands after watercress cropping has been abandoned and their consequences on nitrate removal. This work is based upon the study of an experimental site (Maisse, France) including several stages of abandon, and on laboratory experiments (bioreactors). Macrophytes succession after the abandonment of watercress farms has been assessed at the experimental site and in 14 other abandoned sites of the Essonne valley. After the abandonment of the crop, watercress do not maintain in the beds. The wetlands progressively evolve towards a terrestrial ecosystem, being successively colonized by pioneer or invasives hydrophytes (Lemna minuta Kunth.) and by pioneer helophytes (Epilobium hirsutum L., Typha latifolia L., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud.). To finish with, the vegetation consists in reed beds, with the appearance of shrubby and woody species (Salix sp) which seems to indicate an evolution towards an alluvial forest. Nitrates were partially removed from the water between the inflow and the outflow of our experimental site. Cultivated beds were the most efficient with a mean removal rate of 1770 mg NO3-/m /day during this 3-years survey. In comparison, abandoned beds exhibited lower removal rates ranging from 550 to 750 mg/m /day. In spite of these rates, the effects on nitrate concentrations in water were limited (approximately 44 mg/L at the inflow and 42 mg/L at the outflow), because the residence times were short. Nitrate removal rates varied seasonally, and were highest in summer and lowest in winter. The amplitude of these variations was higher in cultivated beds than in abandoned beds. The estimate of nitrate uptake by macrophytes revealed that denitrification could account for 70 to 85% of nitrate removal. Measurement of potential denitrification in bioreactors showed that organic carbon availability limited denitrification in watercress farm sediments. Watercress is a readily available source of carbon, in contrast with helophytes which dominate abandoned beds such as Phragmites australis.The effects of nitrate mitigation in watercress farms on nitrate concentrations in the river Essonne are very limited, but can be improved with the management of carbon sources and hydraulic residence time in these wetlands.PARIS-AgroParisTech Centre Paris (751052302) / SudocSudocFranceF